What is referred to as the 'second shift' in gender studies?

The term 'second shift' in gender studies refers specifically to the responsibilities of household chores and childcare that are predominantly taken on by women after they complete their full-time jobs. This concept, introduced by sociologist Arlie Hochschild, highlights the challenges faced by many working women who, despite contributing equally to the workforce, often find themselves returning home to undertake domestic duties.

This situation reflects broader societal gender roles and expectations, where women are still expected to take primary responsibility for home and family, leading to a double burden of professional and domestic labor. The idea of the 'second shift' emphasizes the ongoing inequalities in the division of labor at home, even as women pursue careers outside the home. Understanding this concept is crucial in recognizing the persistent gender disparities that influence not only workplace dynamics but also personal and family life.